Walking in acid rain, or even swimming in a lake affected by acid rain, is no more dangerous to humans than walking in normal rain or swimming in non-acidic lakes. Learn more about Visibility and Regional Haze.This affects our enjoyment of national parks that we visit for the scenic view such as Shenandoah and the Great Smoky Mountains. These particles and ozone make the air hazy and difficult to see through. In the atmosphere, SO 2 and NO X gases can be transformed into sulfate and nitrate particles, while some NO X can also react with other pollutants to form ozone. Other Effects of SO 2 and NO X Visibility loss of detail on stone and metal statues, monuments and tombstones.damaged materials that need to be repaired or replaced,.The consequences of this damage can be costly: They also dirty the surfaces of buildings and other structures such as monuments. The acidic particles corrode metal and cause paint and stone to deteriorate more quickly. When acid rain and dry acidic particles fall to earth, the nitric and sulfuric acid that make the particles acidic can land on statues, buildings, and other manmade structures, and damage their surfaces. Sometimes dust particles can become acidic as well, and this is called dry deposition. In addition to agriculture and wastewater, much of the nitrogen produced by human activity that reaches coastal waters comes from the atmosphere. For example, nitrogen pollution in our coastal waters is partially responsible for declining fish and shellfish populations in some areas. Acid rain also contains nitrogen, and this can have an impact on some ecosystems. It’s not just the acidity of acid rain that can cause problems. This short duration of higher acidity (i.e., lower pH) can result in a short-term stress on the ecosystem where a variety of organisms or species may be injured or killed. Lakes that do not normally have a high level of acidity may temporarily experience effects of acid rain when the melting snow or downpour brings greater amounts of acidic deposition and the soil can’t buffer it. Melting snow and heavy rain downpours can result in what is known as episodic acidification. As a result, these areas are particularly vulnerable and the acid and aluminum can accumulate in the soil, streams, or lakes. In areas such as mountainous parts of the Northeast United States, the soil is thin and lacks the ability to adequately neutralize the acid in the rain water. This capacity depends on the thickness and composition of the soil and the type of bedrock underneath it. Many forests, streams, and lakes that experience acid rain don’t suffer effects because the soil in those areas can buffer the acid rain by neutralizing the acidity in the rainwater flowing through it. The trees are then less able to absorb sunlight, which makes them weak and less able to withstand freezing temperatures. Acid rain also removes minerals and nutrients from the soil that trees need to grow.Īt high elevations, acidic fog and clouds might strip nutrients from trees’ foliage, leaving them with brown or dead leaves and needles. That aluminum may be harmful to plants as well as animals. Acid rain leaches aluminum from the soil. Effects of Acid Rain on Plants and Treesĭead or dying trees are a common sight in areas effected by acid rain. For example, frogs have a critical pH around 4, but the mayflies they eat are more sensitive and may not survive pH below 5.5. Even if a species of fish or animal can tolerate moderately acidic water, the animals or plants it eats might not. Generally, the young of most species are more sensitive to environmental conditions than adults. Others, however, are acid-sensitive and will be lost as the pH declines. Some types of plants and animals are able to tolerate acidic waters and moderate amounts of aluminum. The more acid that is introduced to the ecosystem, the more aluminum is released. As it flows through the soil, acidic rain water can leach aluminum from soil clay particles and then flow into streams and lakes. The ecological effects of acid rain are most clearly seen in aquatic environments, such as streams, lakes, and marshes where it can be harmful to fish and other wildlife. Effects of Acid Rain on Fish and Wildlife If something harms one part of an ecosystem – one species of plant or animal, the soil or the water – it can have an impact on everything else. Not all fish, shellfish, or the insects that they eat can tolerate the same amount of acid.Īn ecosystem is a community of plants, animals and other organisms along with their environment including the air, water and soil. This figure illustrates the pH level at which key organisms may be lost as their environment becomes more acidic.
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